Static Pressure, Static Head, Pressure Head, Suction Head, Suction Lift of pump

STATIC PRESSURE:
                                  Static pressure of a pump is the pressure at the base of a column of a liquid. It is calculated using eq.:

Static Pressure = density of fluid x gravity x height of the fluid

This equation shows that greater the height of the liquid column or density of fluid greater would be the pressure at the bottom or the base of the container i.e, greater the static pressure.

When talking about the pump static pressure, the height of the liquid is height from suction of the pump.

Height here above the suction of the pump is 10 feet. So the static pressure is 

                = density of fluid x gravity x 10              (the units must be consistent)

STATIC HEAD:

                           Static Head is simply height of the fluid. Talking about the pump static head, it is the height of the liquid above the suction of pump. As you can see in the image above that the static head is 10 feet.

PRESSURE HEAD:

                                  It is the pressure being exerted by the gas above the liquid. If the container having some liquid in it and is opened to atmosphere, then the pressure head on that liquid is the atmospheric pressure.

For example, this container of liquid is closed and is pressurized. The "pressure head" measure by the pressure guage above the liquid is 13 psig. Also see that the pressure at the bottom is 22 psig. That means part of the pressure is contributed by the static pressure which is 9 psig. This makes up the total pressure at the bottom to be 22 psig.

SUCTION HEAD:

                               It is the height of the liquid above the suction of the pump. Re-visit the first image, where the suction head is 10 feet.

SUCTION LIFT:

                             It is the static pressure/head "below the suction of the pump", that pump have to overcome in order to pump the liquid.

This is a suction lift system. Here, the pump has to overcome this lift. One of the method is to increase the pressure head above the liquid more than the suction lift. Let's say, the suction lift is 7 psig. So, pump have to overcome this 7 psig pressure because it is acting against, in order to lift the liquid. You may increase pressure head above the liquid more than 7 psig in order to lift the liquid to the pump suction.